Nanotechnology: Fundamental Aspects and Biomedical and Technological Applications

Richard Feynman's famous talk titled 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field Physics' Caltech's annual American Physical Society meeting in 1959 highlighted importance nanoscience and opened whole new vista nanoworld. In International System Units nanoscience, prefix nano means one-billionth or 10-9. So 1 nanometer (nm) = 10–9 m. Nanomaterials are defined as set substances whose least one dimension is approximately less than 100 nm show special properties due minuscule size. For instance, variable colors shown by gold silver nanoparticles, change oxidation state nanosized aluminum crystals, so on. already exist nature. However, recent advancements microscopy technology have empowered scientists technologists witness phenomena occurring naturally nanoscale dimension. These mostly based on quantum mechanical interactions expanded surface area. The nanomaterials can be classified various modes: dimension, composition, morphology, geometry, etc. This chapter intend overview classification their applications different fields.